Gaining complete control over a device's operating system and any software that runs it is done by "rooting" the device. Although Android may be customized to your preferences, device makers install layers of software on top of the operating system, which restricts a user's options. Bypassing this restriction and utilizing all of your device's capabilities requires rooting. The equivalent of jailbreaking an iPhone is rooting.
1. Recovery: Over-the-air updates may be installed by the OS on every Android device using the recovery. When a device is factory reset, the system also uses it. You must swap out the standard recovery with a custom one if you wish to flash a custom ROM.
2. TWRP/CWM: These are both custom recoveries that enable users to install custom ROMs, format specific partitions, and create android backups. How to Install the TWRP Recovery Environment on an Android Device (Team Win Recovery Project or TWRP)
3. Bootloader: This program starts on your device even before the operating system does. By methodically putting their files into memory, it aids in the booting of other operating systems. Your Android device's bootloader may be locked, unlocked, or unlockable. How to Unlock the Bootloader on Your Android Phone. Typically, in order to root a device, the bootloader must first be unlocked.
4. Custom ROM: The most recent version of Android that has been modified and enhanced with a variety of features and improvements.
5. Superuser/Super SU: During the rooting procedure, this program is automatically installed on the device. It is used to provide or refuse other programs root access.